GasScouter™ G4301 Analyzer Datasheet
Complexity of Arctic Ocean water isotope (δ18O, δ2H) spatial and temporal patterns revealed with machine learning
The stable isotope compositions of water (d18O, d2H, deuterium-excess) are important tracers that help illuminate the changing Arctic water cycle and how Arctic-sourced water can influence lower latitudes. We present simultaneous boundary layer water vapor and ocean water isotope data that were measured continuously in the western Arctic Ocean. Sea surface water isotopes varied between the shallower continental Chukchi Shelf and the deeper Chukchi Borderlands to the north.
Control Technology-Driven Changes to In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emissions of Nitrogenous Species and Related Environmental Impacts
Emissions from thousands of in-use heavy-duty diesel trucks were sampled at a highway and an arterial street location in the San Francisco Bay Area, spanning a time period when use of diesel particle filters (DPFs) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) increased rapidly. At the highway site where a diverse mix of trucks is observed, SCR systems on 2010 and newer engines reduce emitted nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 87 ± 5% relative to pre-2004 engines. SCR also mitigates DPF-related increases in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions.
Dietary Isoleucine Restriction Increases Catabolic Flux of Valine and Leucine in Lubber Grasshoppers
Advantages of Hourly Resolved Formaldehyde (HCHO) Measurements in Identifying Impacts from Wildfire Emissions, a Case Study
This poster highlights a case study on the impacts of wildfire emissions in Canada on the Carolinas and Virginia. It features some really interesting findings comparing the Picarro G2307’s formaldehyde measurements to those from the EPA National Air Toxics Trends Station (NATTS) Network. It shows that by correcting for drift over time, a lower detection limit and improved accuracy in different ambient outdoor and indoor air matrices are achievable with G2307.
Performance Evaluation of an Improved CRDS Ammonia (NH3) Analyzer
Ammonia (NH3) is the highest abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere, and it is a major contributor to total reactive nitrogen in the environment and causes long-term climate change problems. NH3 is also a hazardous pollutant with detrimental impacts on human health that demands strict control over personal exposure levels. High-precision quantification of NH3 is demanded for routine monitoring, regulation compliance, and migration needs.
Easier Analyzing of Stable Carbon Isotopes of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Water Samples or Solid Carbonate Samples: New Picarro Caddy Continuous Flow Interface + AutoMate Prep Device Pairing
The Caddy Continuous Flow Interface has previously been used to connect available solid and
liquid bulk sample preparation instruments—including the Picarro Combustion Module—to
Picarro analyzers for high-precision carbon isotope (13C) measurements.
Picarro is happy to announce the AutoMate Prep Device from AutoMate FX as the Caddy’s
newest pairing. The Caddy’s fully automated, low-cost, and simple operation will take
advantage of the newest AutoMate Prep Device design improvements to bring together
increased data quality and reduced interface complexity.
Mobile Measurements of Ambient Concentrations of Formaldehyde and Aerosol Optical Properties in Houston, TX
Anthropogenic emissions from traffic and industrial activities and their impact on air quality are a major concern in urban areas. The concentration of the air pollutants from these sources is typically measured with stationary air quality monitors, which are often limited in number. In addition, these stationary measurements often prove inadequate in representing the emission scenarios of the entire city due to the large spatial variability of these pollutants in urban environments.
Performance of the Picarro CRDS Water Isotope Analyzer for Tracer Applications using Highly Enriched and Depleted δ2H Samples
In this poster, Picarro shares research and recommended best practices for using Picarro water isotope analyzers to measure highly enriched and depleted δ2H water isotope samples. These tips will be especially helpful for hydrological tracer studies and kinesiological applications. The experiments show how the Picarro water isotope analyzers’ Express Mode helps to address the memory effect and the spectroscopic limits of the analyzer without compromising precision, accuracy, or throughput time.
Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope signatures of goethite hydration waters by thermogravimetry-enabled laser spectroscopy
The hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition (δ2 H and δ18O values) of mineral hydration waters can give information on the environment of mineral formation. Here we present and validate an approach for the stable isotope analysis of mineral hydration waters based on coupling a thermogravimetric analyzer with a laserbased isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy instrument (Picarro L-2130i), which we abbreviate as TGA-IRIS.
Water vapor exposure chamber for constant humidity and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition
Rationale: Water vapor exposure experiments have applications for studying water physisorption and chemisorption hydration and hydroxylation reactions on a wide variety of material surfaces. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in the water molecule are useful tracers of water exchange mechanisms and/or rates in such vapor exposure experiments.
Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition of water in metaschoepite mineralization on U3O8
When exposed to humidity in an oxidizing atmosphere hydrated uranium oxide grows as a secondary mineral on aged U3O8 and may incorporate the oxygen stable isotope signature of the water vapor into the secondary uranium oxide, as well as hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes into any mineral hydration water. Because geospatial variation in δ2 H and δ18O values of atmospheric humidity and precipitation is well understood, the H and O stable isotope composition of mineral hydration waters can give information on the environment of mineral formation.
A simple method for rapid removal of the memory effect in cavity ring-down spectroscopy water isotope measurements
Rationale
The accuracy determined in the routine analysis of water isotopes (δ17O, δ18O, δ2H) using cavity ring-down spectroscopy is greatly affected by the memory effect (ME), a sample-to-sample carryover that biases measurements. This study aims to develop a simple method that rapidly removes the ME.
A simple method for rapid removal of the memory effect in cavity ring-down spectroscopy water isotope measurements
Rationale
The accuracy determined in the routine analysis of water isotopes (δ17O, δ18O, δ2H) using cavity ring-down spectroscopy is greatly affected by the memory effect (ME), a sample-to-sample carryover that biases measurements. This study aims to develop a simple method that rapidly removes the ME.
Simultaneous high-precision, high-frequency measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in surface seawater by cavity ring-down spectroscopy
An automated system was developed using commercially available Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technology (Picarro LTD., G2508) which was interfaced to a custom-made system which automated the equilibration and analysis of seawater dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4).
Reactive Chlorine Emissions from Cleaning and Reactive Nitrogen Chemistry in an Indoor Athletic Facility
Indoor gas-phase radical sources are poorly understood but expected to be much different from outdoors. Several potential radical sources were measured in a windowless, light-emitting diode (LED)-lit room in a college athletic facility over a 2 week period. Alternating measurements between the room air and the supply air of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system allowed an assessment of sources. Use of a chlorine-based cleaner was a source of several photolabile reactive chlorine compounds, including ClNO2 and Cl2.
Reactive Chlorine Emissions from Cleaning and Reactive Nitrogen Chemistry in an Indoor Athletic Facility
Indoor gas-phase radical sources are poorly understood but expected to be much different from outdoors. Several potential radical sources were measured in a windowless, light-emitting diode (LED)-lit room in a college athletic facility over a 2 week period. Alternating measurements between the room air and the supply air of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system allowed an assessment of sources. Use of a chlorine-based cleaner was a source of several photolabile reactive chlorine compounds, including ClNO2 and Cl2.
Isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater during EUREC4A
In early 2020, an international team set out to investigate trade-wind cumulus clouds and their coupling to the large-scale circulation through the field campaign EUREC4A: ElUcidating the RolE of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte. Focused on the western tropical Atlantic near Barbados, EUREC4A deployed a number of innovative observational strategies, including a large network of water isotopic measurements collectively known as EUREC4A-iso, to study the tropical shallow convective environment.
Isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater during EUREC4A
In early 2020, an international team set out to investigate trade-wind cumulus clouds and their coupling to the large-scale circulation through the field campaign EUREC4A: ElUcidating the RolE of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte. Focused on the western tropical Atlantic near Barbados, EUREC4A deployed a number of innovative observational strategies, including a large network of water isotopic measurements collectively known as EUREC4A-iso, to study the tropical shallow convective environment.
High time-resolution measurements of HCl in marine and continental urban areas: Implications for the reactive chlorine budget
Atmospheric oxidation is dominated by the OH radical, although Cl atoms can play an important role under certain conditions.
High time-resolution measurements of HCl in marine and continental urban areas: Implications for the reactive chlorine budget
Atmospheric oxidation is dominated by the OH radical, although Cl atoms can play an important role under certain conditions.
High time-resolution measurements of HCl in marine and continental urban areas: Implications for the reactive chlorine budget
Atmospheric oxidation is dominated by the OH radical, although Cl atoms can play an important role under certain conditions.
Understanding Sources of Atmospheric Hydrogen Chloride in Coastal Spring and Continental Winter
Ambient 0.5 Hz hydrogen chloride (HCl) measurements were made in Canadian cities to investigate chlorine activation and constrain the tropospheric chlorine budget. Springtime HCl mixing ratios in a coastal city (St. John’s, NL) were up to 1200 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with a median of 63 pptv and were consistently elevated during daytime. High time-resolution measurements allowed the attribution of events to general sources, including direct emissions. Most coastal HCl was related to sea-salt aerosol acid displacement (R1) and chlorine activation.
Understanding Sources of Atmospheric Hydrogen Chloride in Coastal Spring and Continental Winter
Ambient 0.5 Hz hydrogen chloride (HCl) measurements were made in Canadian cities to investigate chlorine activation and constrain the tropospheric chlorine budget. Springtime HCl mixing ratios in a coastal city (St. John’s, NL) were up to 1200 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with a median of 63 pptv and were consistently elevated during daytime. High time-resolution measurements allowed the attribution of events to general sources, including direct emissions. Most coastal HCl was related to sea-salt aerosol acid displacement (R1) and chlorine activation.
Validation of a new cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring tropospheric gaseous hydrogen chloride
Reliable, sensitive, and widely available hydrogen chloride (HCl) measurements are important for understanding oxidation in many regions of the troposphere. We configured a commercial HCl cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) for sampling HCl in the ambient atmosphere and developed validation techniques to characterize the measurement uncertainties. The CRDS makes fast, sensitive, and robust measurements of HCl in a high-finesse optical cavity coupled to a laser centred at 5739 cm−1.
Validation of a new cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring tropospheric gaseous hydrogen chloride
Reliable, sensitive, and widely available hydrogen chloride (HCl) measurements are important for understanding oxidation in many regions of the troposphere. We configured a commercial HCl cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) for sampling HCl in the ambient atmosphere and developed validation techniques to characterize the measurement uncertainties. The CRDS makes fast, sensitive, and robust measurements of HCl in a high-finesse optical cavity coupled to a laser centred at 5739 cm−1.
Development and Validation of a New In-Situ Technique to Measure Total Gaseous Chlorine in Ambient Air
Total gaseous chlorine (TClg) measurements can improve our understanding of unknown sources of Cl to the atmosphere. Existing techniques for measuring TClg have been limited to offline analysis of extracted filters and do not provide suitable temporal information on fast atmospheric process. We describe high time-resolution in-situ measurements of TClg by combusting ambient air over a heated platinum (Pt) substrate coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS).
Development and Validation of a New In-Situ Technique to Measure Total Gaseous Chlorine in Ambient Air
Total gaseous chlorine (TClg) measurements can improve our understanding of unknown sources of Cl to the atmosphere. Existing techniques for measuring TClg have been limited to offline analysis of extracted filters and do not provide suitable temporal information on fast atmospheric process. We describe high time-resolution in-situ measurements of TClg by combusting ambient air over a heated platinum (Pt) substrate coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS).
Nitrogen removal by eutrophic coastal wetlands accomplished with CH4 emission reduction
Coastal wetlands play an important role in nitrogen removal and are a vital blue carbon sink. The produced methane (CH4) in coastal wetlands has been recently identified as a possible carbon source for denitrification process, providing a significant contribution to coastal nitrogen cycling. However, the in-situ correlation between CH4 emissions and denitrification rate, as well as their coupling mechanism is still unclear.
Nitrogen removal by eutrophic coastal wetlands accomplished with CH4 emission reduction
Coastal wetlands play an important role in nitrogen removal and are a vital blue carbon sink. The produced methane (CH4) in coastal wetlands has been recently identified as a possible carbon source for denitrification process, providing a significant contribution to coastal nitrogen cycling. However, the in-situ correlation between CH4 emissions and denitrification rate, as well as their coupling mechanism is still unclear.
Room-level ventilation in schools and universities
Ventilation is of primary concern for maintaining healthy indoor air quality and reducing the spread of airborne infectious disease, including COVID-19. In addition to building-level guidelines, increased attention is being placed on room-level ventilation. However, for many universities and schools, ventilation data on a room-byroom basis are not available for classrooms and other key spaces. We present an overview of approaches for measuring ventilation along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Room-level ventilation in schools and universities
Ventilation is of primary concern for maintaining healthy indoor air quality and reducing the spread of airborne infectious disease, including COVID-19. In addition to building-level guidelines, increased attention is being placed on room-level ventilation. However, for many universities and schools, ventilation data on a room-byroom basis are not available for classrooms and other key spaces. We present an overview of approaches for measuring ventilation along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Changes of ammonia concentrations in wintertime on the North China Plain from 2018 to 2020
The reduced economic and social activities during the Chinese Spring Festival provide a unique experiment to evaluate reductions in anthropogenic NH3 emissions in China. However, quantifying this unique scenario is challenging as meteorology may mask the real changes in observed NH3 concentrations. Here, we applied a machine learning technique to decouple the effects of meteorology and confirmed that the real (deweathered) NH3 concentration dropped to a minimum during the Spring Festival in 2019 and 2020 at both urban (Beijing) and rural (Xianghe) sites on the North China Plain.
Changes of ammonia concentrations in wintertime on the North China Plain from 2018 to 2020
The reduced economic and social activities during the Chinese Spring Festival provide a unique experiment to evaluate reductions in anthropogenic NH3 emissions in China. However, quantifying this unique scenario is challenging as meteorology may mask the real changes in observed NH3 concentrations. Here, we applied a machine learning technique to decouple the effects of meteorology and confirmed that the real (deweathered) NH3 concentration dropped to a minimum during the Spring Festival in 2019 and 2020 at both urban (Beijing) and rural (Xianghe) sites on the North China Plain.
Vehicular Emissions Enhanced Ammonia Concentrations in Winter Mornings: Insights from Diurnal Nitrogen Isotopic Signatures
A general feature in the diurnal cycle of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations is a morning spike that typically occurs around 07:00 to 10:00 (LST). Current hypotheses to explain this morning’s NH3 increase remain elusive, and there is still no consensus whether traffic emissions are among the major sources of urban NH3. Here, we confirmed that the NH3 morning pulse in urban Beijing is a universal feature, with an annual occurrence frequency of 73.0% and a rapid growth rate (>20%) in winter.
Vehicular Emissions Enhanced Ammonia Concentrations in Winter Mornings: Insights from Diurnal Nitrogen Isotopic Signatures
A general feature in the diurnal cycle of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations is a morning spike that typically occurs around 07:00 to 10:00 (LST). Current hypotheses to explain this morning’s NH3 increase remain elusive, and there is still no consensus whether traffic emissions are among the major sources of urban NH3. Here, we confirmed that the NH3 morning pulse in urban Beijing is a universal feature, with an annual occurrence frequency of 73.0% and a rapid growth rate (>20%) in winter.