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The Picarro L2140-i isotopic water analyzer enables simultaneous measurements of δ¹⁸O, δ¹⁷O, and δ²H in solids, liquids and vapor. In addition, the analyzer determines ¹⁷O-excess to sub 15 per meg (<0.015‰). Measurements of ¹⁷O-excess in conjunction with high precision measurements δ¹⁸O and δ²H enable geoscientists to enhance our understanding of present day climate and the interactions between the hydrosphere and biosphere and to help reconstruct climates of the past. The ability to quantify extremely small deviations in δ¹⁷O (i.e., ¹⁷O-excess), typically less than 0.1‰ in nature, is essential for paleoclimate, (eco) hydrology, and atmospheric science applications.

• Streamlined, simple, and simultaneous measurements of δ¹⁸O, δ¹⁷O, δ²H, and ¹⁷O-excess in liquids and vapor 
• Average to <15 per meg precision on ¹⁷O-excess for 1-hour vapor measurements 
• Repeat measurements demonstrate 15 per meg precision on ¹⁷O-excess for liquids  

High-precision measurements of all three oxygen isotopes (¹⁶O, ¹⁸O, and ¹⁷O) was once limited to highly specialized labs with expensive, complex sample preparation systems for analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The Picarro L2140-i analyzer delivers precisions of 15 per meg or better on ¹⁷O -excess at the touch of button. Introduce water directly into the analyzer, either as vapor or using a vaporization process that converts liquid water to vapor. 

New Measurement Modes on L2130-i and L2140-i Analyzer Offers Higher Throughput

New 'Express mode' will allow measurements of up to 50 samples per day while maintaining excellent precision.

The new 'Survey mode' will allow measurements of up to 150 samples per day. Table 1 preliminarily compares the performance of the existing modes with our new methodologies for increased throughput.

Table 1: Comparison of preliminary results of measurement modes

Explore the Water Isotope Analysis Resource Center

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The Picarro Autosampler (A0340) and Vaporizer (A0211) offer exceptional precision with minimal maintenance for ocean science, hydrology, and paleoclimatology applications. The Autosampler and Vaporizer fully integrate with the L2130-i and L2140-i water isotope analyzers, including onboard software control.

• Fully integrated solution for automated analysis
• Choice of operating modes: Standard, Express, and Survey
• Onboard software controls both Autosampler and Vaporizer
• Sample analysis conducted automatically with data reported per injection 

δ¹⁸O precision is <0.025‰ per sample, and 24-hour drift is <0.2‰. δ²H precision is <0.1‰ per sample, and 24-hour drift is <0.8‰. The vaporizer maintains precision even with briny solutions. It can be cleaned with water, and it is robust enough to be used in remote locations and on boats for field campaigns.

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The Picarro Continuous Water Sampler (CWS) A0217, incorporates a porous membrane that enables diffusive sampling of water isotopes. When coupled with a Picarro L2130-i or L2140-i water isotope analyzer, high-resolution, real-time, continuous measurements of spatial and temporal features within water masses are simple and easy.

• Continuously monitor real-time changes in water isotopes
• Automated switching from samples to standards for calibration
• Pump directly from your water source—no discrete sampling required
• Quick and easy field deployment

δ¹⁸O precision from continuous water sampling is 0.1‰ and reproducibility is 0.4‰. δD precision from continuous water sampling is 0.2‰ and drift is 1.0‰. The precision, reproducibility, and simplicity open new opportunities for scientists to study the global water cycle over a broad range of applications, including during tidal mixing, at an outlet glacier, or during an ocean transect.

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The Picarro Induction Module (A0213) enables scientists to perform isotope analysis of matrix-bound water with high total-dissolved solids. It fully integrates with the L2130-i and L2140-i water isotope analyzers, including onboard software control. The combination is ideal for a range of disciplines including ecohydrology, ecophysiology, and soil science. 

• Prepare water extracted from samples with high total dissolved solids
• Fully integrates with the L2130-i and L2140-i water isotope analyzers 
• Onboard software controls the induction module and analyzers

δ¹⁸O precision between identical water samples is <0.35‰, and drift is <0.2‰. δD precision between identical water samples is <1.5‰ per sample, and drift is <0.8‰. Samples can be extracted from solids or liquids with high total-dissolved solids, such as plant leaves and stems, juices, and tissues, in as little as five minutes.

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The Picarro Micro-Combustion Module (A0214) effectively removes spectral interference for commonly occurring alcohols and plant products, including multicomponent mixtures of alcohols, terpenes, and green leaf volatiles. It has optimal efficacy for samples containing total organics in concentrations typical for many plant extracts (<0.5%), due to the production of nascent water.

• Treat samples inline to decompose interfering organics
• Improve data quality for water isotope analysis
• Easily deploy in a laboratory or in the field

The Micro-Combustion Module eliminates organic interferences using an inline process. It is installed between a Picarro Vaporizer (A0211) and a L2130-i or L2140-i water isotope analyzer for seamless operation. It passes a gaseous phase sample from the vaporizer over an enclosed element, and the resulting oxidation converts organics into minute quantities of carbon dioxide and nascent water. 

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The Picarro Standards Delivery Module (A0101) makes automated delivery of isotopic water vapor standards in the field simple and reliable. It can operate autonomously for as long as four weeks unattended, and it can be fully remote-controlled via an Internet connection. With the capability to deliver two standards,  it is the ideal calibration tool for ambient water vapor measurement campaigns.

• Compact, self-contained, field deployable unit
• Collapsible standards bag eliminates head space fractionation
• Automated delivery of two standards at three concentrations per standard
• Automatic, reliable, unattended operation for weeks after setup

The Standards Delivery Module fully integrates with the L2130-i and L2140-i water isotope analyzers. It uses a collapsible bag mechanism for storage of standards. The bag shrinks as standards are used, thus eliminating headspace and ensuring an entire standard can be used without data degradation due to evaporation and condensation.